For information on the current season, see 2010–11 Chelsea
F.C. season.
This article documents the History of Chelsea Football Club,
an English association football team based in Fulham, West London. For a
general overview of the club, see Chelsea F.C.
Founded in 1905, Chelsea quickly gained a reputation for
signing big name players and for attracting large crowds, but failed to win a
major trophy in their first fifty years. They spent thirty of their first forty
seasons in the First Division, although often found themselves finishing in
mid-table or battling relegation. The closest Chelsea came to success was in
the FA Cup; they were runners-up in 1915 and losing semi-finalists in 1911,
1920, 1932, 1950 and 1952. The duck was finally broken by manager Ted Drake,
who introduced a series of changes at the club and led Chelsea to the League
Championship in 1955.
A further revival under managers Ruud Gullit and Gianluca
Vialli from 1996–2000 saw Chelsea win the FA Cup in 1997 and 2000, the League
Cup and UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1998, and qualify for the Champions League for
the first time; the club have not finished outside of the top six in the
Premier League since the 1995–96 season. In 2003, Chelsea were bought by
Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, ushering in the club's current phase of
success. José Mourinho led them to two league titles, an FA Cup and two League
Cups in three seasons. The club added a further FA Cup in 2009, and then their
first League and FA Cup "Double" in 2010.
In 1896, Henry Augustus "Gus" Mears, football
enthusiast and businessman, along with his brother, Joseph Mears, purchased the
Stamford Bridge Athletics Ground in Fulham, West London, with the intention of
staging first-class football matches there, though they had to wait until 1904
to buy the freehold, when the previous owner died. They failed to persuade
Fulham Football Club to adopt the ground as their home after a dispute over the
rent, so Mears considered selling to the Great Western Railway Company, who
wanted to use the land as a coal-dumping yard. Mears' colleague Fred Parker was
trying unsuccessfully to dissuade him. Parker later recounted what happened
next:
“ Feeling
sad that the old ground would be no more, I walked slowly by his [Mears'] side
when his dog, coming up from behind unobserved, bit me so severely through my
cycling stockings as to draw blood freely. On telling the owner "Your
damned dog has bitten me, look!" and showing him the blood, instead of expressing
concern he casually observed, "Scotch terrier; always bites before he
speaks."
The utter absurdity of the remark struck me as so genuinely
funny that although hopping about on one foot and feeling blood trickling down,
I had to laugh heartily and tell him he was the "coolest fish" I'd
ever met.
A minute later he surprised me by slapping me on the
shoulder and saying, "You took that bite damned well, most men would have
kicked up hell about it. Look here, I'll stand on you; never mind the others. Go
to the chemists and get that bite seen to and meet me here at nine tomorrow
morning and we'll get busy".[1]
”
Thus on a whim, Mears changed his mind and decided to take
Parker's advice to instead found his own football club to occupy Stamford
Bridge.
Early Years (1905–15)
Chelsea's squad in 1905
Chelsea Football Club were founded on 10 March 1905[2] at
The Rising Sun pub, (now The Butcher's Hook) opposite today's main entrance to
the ground on the Fulham Road. Since there was already a team named Fulham in
the borough, the name of the adjacent borough, the Metropolitan Borough of
Chelsea, was settled on after London FC, Kensington FC and Stamford Bridge FC
had been rejected.[3] Blue shirts were adopted by Mears, after the racing
colors of Lord Chelsea, along with white shorts and dark blue socks.
Chelsea initially considering joining the Southern League,
but were rejected following objections from Fulham and Tottenham Hotspur, so
they instead applied for admission to the Football League. Their candidacy was
endorsed at the Football League AGM on 29 May 1905; a speech by Parker was
particularly important, emphasising the new club's financial stability, its
impressive new stadium and marquee players such as William "Fatty"
Foulke, the 22 stone goalkeeper who had won a league title and two FA Cups with
Sheffield United.
28-year-old Scottish international half-back John Robertson
was hired as player-manager. The club began with established players recruited
from other teams; along with Foulke, Chelsea signed forwards Jimmy Windridge
and Bob McRoberts from Small Heath, and Frank Pearson from Manchester City.
Chelsea's first league match took place away at Stockport County on 2 September
1905. They lost the game 1–0.[4] Their first home match was against Liverpool
in a friendly. They won 4–0. Robertson also scored Chelsea's first competitive
goal, in a 1–0 win against Blackpool.[5]
Chelsea finished a respectable 3rd in the Second Division in
their first season, but Robertson steadily saw his position undermined by board
room interference. He lost the power to select the team in November 1905, and
by January 1907 he had left for Glossop.[6] Club secretary William Lewis took
temporary charge and led the team to promotion at the end of the season, thanks
largely to the goals of Windridge and George "Gatling Gun" Hilsdon.
The latter was the first of many prolific strikers/forwards to play for
Chelsea; he scored five goals on his debut and 27 in the promotion season en
route to becoming the first player to score 100 goals for the club.
Chelsea beat West Brom at Stamford Bridge in September 1905
Lewis was succeeded by David Calderhead, who was to manage
Chelsea for the next 26 years. The club's early seasons produced little
success, and they yo-yoed between the First and Second divisions. They were
relegated in 1909–10, promoted in 1911–12 and finished 19th in 1914–15, the
final competitive season before football in England was suspended owing to
World War I. The club would normally have been relegated, but when regular
football resumed in 1919 the league was expanded to 22 teams and Chelsea were
re-elected to the First Division.
In 1915, under the shadow of the First World War, Chelsea
reached their first FA Cup final, the so-called "Khaki" cup final,
owing to the large number of uniformed soldiers in attendance. The match
against Sheffield United was played in a sombre atmosphere and staged at Old
Trafford in Manchester to avoid disruption in London. Chelsea, minus their top
amateur striker, Vivian Woodward, who had sportingly insisted that the team who
reached the final ought to keep their places, were seemingly unnerved by the
occasion and outplayed for much of the match. Goalkeeper Jim Molyneux's mistake
allowed United to score before half-time, but the Blues held out until the
final six minutes, when their opponents added two more to win 3–0.
In spite of their checkered fortunes, Chelsea became one of
the best-supported teams in the country, with fans attracted by the team's
reputation for playing entertaining attacking football and for signing star
players, notably half-back Ben Warren and striker Bob Whittingham. The club had
the highest average attendance in English football in 1907–08,[7] 1909–10,[8]
1911–12,[9] 1912–13[10] and 1913–14.[11] A crowd of 67,000 attended a league
game against Manchester United on Good Friday 1906, a then-record for a
football match in London.[12] 55,000 attended the first-ever London derby in
the top division, against Woolwich Arsenal, a record for a First Division
match. 77,952 attended a fourth round FA Cup tie against Swindon on 13 April
1911.[13]
[edit] Between the wars
1919–20, the first full season following the war, was
Chelsea's most successful up to that point. Led by 24 goal striker Jack Cock,
the club's latest glamour signing, they finished 3rd in the league – then the
highest league finish for a London club – and reached the FA Cup semi-finals,
only to be denied by eventual winners Aston Villa, which saw them miss out on a
chance to play in the final at Stamford Bridge. The club were relegated again
in 1923–24 and in four of the next five seasons were to narrowly miss out on
promotion, finishing 5th, 3rd, 4th and 3rd. With long serving mainstays
including Willie Ferguson, Tommy Law and Andy Wilson, Chelsea finally reached
the First Division again in 1929–30, where the club was to remain for the next
32 years.
To capitalise on the 1930 promotion, the club spent £25,000
($49,000) on three big-name players; Scots Hughie Gallacher, Alex Jackson and
Alec Cheyne. Gallacher in particular was one of the biggest talents of his era,
known for his goalscoring and for having captained Newcastle to a championship
in 1926–27. He and Jackson had also been members of the Wembley Wizards team
(as had Law), the Scotland team which beat England 5–1 at Wembley in 1928.
However, though the team occasionally clicked, such as in a
6–2 win over Manchester United and a 5–0 win over Sunderland, none of the trio
had the desired impact. Gallacher was Chelsea's top scorer in each of his four
seasons, scoring 81 goals in total, but his time in west London was hindered by
his personal troubles and punctuated by long suspensions for indiscipline,
including a two month ban for swearing at a referee.[14] Jackson and Cheyne
struggled to settle at the club and were unable re-capture their previous
achievements. The trio did not make 300 appearances between them and by 1936
all had left at a significant financial loss to the club.[15] Their
disappointment epitomised Chelsea's flaws throughout the decade, whereby
performances and results rarely matched the calibre of players at the club.
Money was spent, but some feel it was too often spent on inappropriate players,
especially forwards, while the defence remained neglected.
The FA Cup was to be the closest the club came to
silverware. In 1932, the team secured impressive wins over Liverpool and
Sheffield Wednesday, and were drawn against Newcastle United in the
semi-finals. Tommy Lang inspired Newcastle to a 2–0 lead, before Gallacher
pulled one back for Chelsea. The Blues laid siege to the United goal in the
second half, but were unable to make a breakthrough and the Geordies went on to
lift the trophy.
Calderhead stepped down in 1933 and was replaced by Leslie
Knighton, but the appointment saw little change in Chelsea's fortunes. At
different times during the decade the club had on its books such players as
Tommy Law, Sam Weaver, Syd Bishop, Harry Burgess, Dick Spence and Joe Bambrick,
all established internationals, yet their highest league finish in the decade
was 8th. Ironically, two of the club's most reliable players during the decade
cost them nothing: goalkeeper Vic Woodley, who was to win 19 consecutive caps
for England, and centre-forward George Mills, the first player to score 100
league goals for Chelsea. They avoided relegation by two points in 1932–33 and
1933–34, and by one point in 1938–39. Another promising cup run in 1939, which
included wins over Arsenal and Sheffield Wednesday, petered out with a home
loss to Grimsby Town in the quarter-finals.
The club continued to be one of the country's best-supported
teams. The visit of Arsenal on 12 October 1935 attracted a crowd 82,905 to
Stamford Bridge, which remains a club record and the second highest ever
attendance at an English league match. Crowds of almost 50,000 attended
Gallacher and Jackson's home debuts. In 1939, with the club having come no
closer to on-field success, Knighton stepped down. He was succeeded by Scotsman
and former Queens Park Rangers manager, Billy Birrell.
[edit] The War, Dynamo and the new youth system (1940–52)
Birrell was appointed Chelsea manager shortly before the outbreak
of the Second World War. Three games into the 1939–40 season, first class
football was abandoned in Britain for the duration of the conflict, meaning
that all wartime results are only regarded as unofficial. Chelsea competed in a
series of regional competitions and, like every other club, saw their squad
severely depleted by the war effort (only two members of Chelsea's 1938–39 team
ever played for them again). The club thus fielded a series of
"guest" players, most notably Matt Busby, Walter Winterbottom and
Eddie Hapgood. They also competed in the Football League War Cup, during which
they made their Wembley debut, losing 1–3 to Charlton Athletic in the 1944
final, and beating Millwall 2–0 a year later in front of crowds of over 80,000.
After the latter match, John Harris became the first Chelsea captain to lift a
trophy at Wembley, receiving the cup from Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
Dynamo Moscow at the bridge
In October 1945, with the War having just ended, the English
football authorities sought a way to celebrate the return of the peace-time
game. As part of a goodwill gesture, it was announced that FC Dynamo Moscow,
reigning champions of the Soviet Union, would tour the United Kingdom and play
several home teams, including Chelsea. The match took place on 13 November at
Stamford Bridge with Chelsea wearing an unfamiliar red strip due to a clash
with Dynamo's blue kit. Before kick-off, the Dynamo players presented a bouquet
of flowers to their opposite number.[16] The Russian team surprised many
observers with their talent and tenacity by fighting back from 0–2 and 2–3 down
to earn a 3–3 draw. An estimated crowd of over 100,000 people attended the
match, with thousands entering the ground illegally. This crowd is the highest
ever recorded at Stamford Bridge. Spectators watched from numerous obscure
places, including many on the dog track and on the top of stands.[17]
Following the war, Chelsea again spent big, and again bought
three big-name forwards, this time Tommy Lawton, Len Goulden and Tommy Walker,
for around £22,000. The trio provided both goals and entertainment – Lawton set
a new club record by scoring 26 goals in 34 league games in 1946–47[4] – but
Chelsea finished 15th that season and never finished above 13th under Birrell.
After a falling out with Birrell, Lawton was sold to Notts County for £20,000;
his replacement was Roy Bentley, signed from Newcastle United for £11,500 in
1948.
1950 saw Chelsea enjoy another run in the FA Cup. After
beating Manchester United 2–0 in a pulsating quarter-final, they were drawn to
face London rivals Arsenal at White Hart Lane. Two goals from Bentley put
Chelsea in control, but a freak goal from Arsenal (Chelsea's goalkeeper
misjudged a corner and punched it into his own net) just before half-time turned
the game. Arsenal equalised 15 minutes from full-time and then won the replay
1–0.
A year later, Chelsea seemed destined for relegation: with
four games remaining, they were six points behind, at the bottom of the table,
and without a win in fourteen matches. After unexpectedly winning the first
three, Chelsea went into their final match needing to beat Bolton Wanderers and
hoping for the right result between fellow relegation candidates Everton and
Sheffield Wednesday. Chelsea won 4–0 and Wednesday beat Everton 6–0, thus
ensuring Chelsea's survival on goal average by 0.044 of a goal.[4] In 1952,
Chelsea again faced Arsenal in the FA Cup semi-finals and after a 1–1 tie in
the first match, lost the replay 3–0. Birrell resigned shortly afterwards.
Birrell's biggest contribution to Chelsea was off the field.
In a bid to counter the spiraling cost of transfer fees in football, he oversaw
the development of an extensive new youth and scouting programme, headed by
ex-players Dickie Foss, Dick Spence and Jimmy Thompson, which would ultimately
see the club produce its own players.[18] The policy would provide the core of
Chelsea's first team for the next three decades in particular, producing such
players as Jimmy Greaves, Bobby Smith, Peter Osgood, Peter Bonetti, Ray
Wilkins, Ron Harris, Bobby Tambling, Alan Hudson, Terry Venables and John
Hollins.
Ted Drake: Modernisation and the Championship (1952–61)
Club crest 1952–1953
In 1952, former Arsenal and England striker Ted Drake was
appointed manager. One of the first "tracksuit managers" who used to
shake each player by the hand and wish them "all the best" before
each match, Drake proceeded to modernise the club, both on and off the field.
One of his first actions was to remove the image of a Chelsea pensioner from
the match programme and the club's old nickname was no more. From then on they
were to be known as the Blues. This also led to the introduction of a new
"lion rampant" crest.[19]
He improved the training regime, introducing ballwork to
training sessions, a practice rare in England at the time; the youth and
scouting systems begun by his predecessor were extended and he abandoned the
club's old recruiting policy of signing often unreliable stars, opting instead
for lesser known but more reliable players from the lower divisions.[4] He also
urged the club's fans to be more partisan and to get behind the team.[4]
Drake's early years were unpromising, as Chelsea finished 19th and just a point
away from relegation in his first season and 8th in his second.
In 1954–55, the club's jubilee year, everything clicked. The
team found a consistency rate not previously there as Chelsea unexpectedly won
the First Division title. It included goalkeeper Charlie 'Chic' Thomson,
amateur players Derek Saunders and Jim Lewis, central midfielder Johnny 'Jock'
McNichol, wingers Eric "Rabbit" Parsons and Frank Blunstone, defender
Peter Sillett and future England manager Ron Greenwood in central defence, as
well old club stalwarts, right back Ken Armstrong, left-back Stan Willemse and
veteran defender John Harris. Perhaps the only genuine star in the side was
captain, top-scorer (with 21 league goals) and England international Roy
Bentley.
During Ted Drake's reign as manager, the club's old Chelsea
pensioner badge was abandoned at his insistence in favor of this, the
"Lion Rampant Regardant"
Chelsea had begun the season much as they had finished the
last, with four consecutive defeats, including a thrilling 5–6 loss to
Manchester United, which left them 12th in November. From there the team went
on a remarkable run, losing just 3 of the next 25 games and secured the title
with a game to spare after a 3–0 win against Sheffield Wednesday on St George's
Day. Key to the success were two league wins against principal rivals and
eventual runners-up Wolverhampton Wanderers. The first was a dramatic 4–3 win
at Molineux – a game in which Chelsea were trailing 2–3 going into stoppage
time – and a 1–0 win at Stamford Bridge in April, secured with a Sillett
penalty awarded after Wolves captain Billy Wright had punched a goal-bound shot
over the bar.[20]
Chelsea's points total of 52 for that season remains one of
the lowest to have secured the English League title since the First World War.
In the final game of the season, Chelsea, now champions, were given a guard of
honour by Matt Busby's Manchester United Busby Babes. That same season saw the
club complete a unique quadruple, with the reserve, 'A' and junior sides also
winning their respective leagues.
Winning the Championship should have ensured that Chelsea
became the first English participants in the inaugural European Champions' Cup
competition to be staged the following season. Indeed, they were drawn to face
Swedish champions Djurgårdens in the first round. However, Chelsea were denied
by the intervention of the Football League and the F.A., many of whose leading
members were opposed to the idea and felt that primacy should be given to
domestic competitions, so the club were persuaded to withdraw.[21] Chelsea did
play an unofficial UK championship friendly against Scottish champions
Aberdeen, which Aberdeen won. Chelsea presented a plate with the club crest to
Aberdeen as a reward.
Chelsea were unable to build on their title success, and
finished a disappointing 16th the following season. The team was aging and
there followed a succession of uninspiring mid-table finishes; one bright spot
in this period was the emergence of the prolific goalscorer Jimmy Greaves, who
scored 122 league goals in four seasons. Along with Greaves, a series of other
promising youngsters, informally known as Drake's Ducklings, emerged in the
first team, though their inexperience ensured that performances remained
erratic. One of the lowest points for the club in this period was being knocked
out of the FA Cup in the 3rd round by Fourth Division side, Crewe Alexandra, in
January 1961. When Greaves was sold to AC Milan in June 1961 the writing was on
the wall and, without his goals, results slumped. Drake was sacked in September
after a 4–0 loss to Blackpool with Chelsea bottom of the league table. He was
replaced by 33-year-old player-coach Tommy Docherty.
Emergence (1963–71)
Tommy Docherty
Bobby Tambling and Barry Bridges, two key players in the
Chelsea side of the 1960s, pictured at Stamford Bridge in 2009.
The swinging sixties ushered in an era that saw football and
inimitable style merge in the heart of London; with the fashionable King's Road
at the heart of the swagger. Superstars of the time, including Michael Caine,
Steve McQueen, Raquel Welch, Terence Stamp and Richard Attenborough (now Life
Vice President of the club) were regularly seen at Stamford Bridge as the team
became one of the most glamorous and fashionable in the country. A 60s Chelsea
side that oozed charisma and class established the club as a big name for the
first time, but ultimately failed to match its swagger with on-field triumphs,
and endured several near-misses.
Docherty imposed a regime of strict discipline, sold off
many of the club's older players, and replaced them with the new generation of
talented youngsters emerging from the youth system, supplemented by some shrewd
transfers. By the time he took over in January 1962, the team were already all
but doomed to relegation and he used the time to experiment and plan for the
future. Chelsea were duly relegated and in Docherty's first full season as
manager he led them back to promotion as Second Division runners-up, secured
with a crucial and hard-fought 1–0 win at rivals Sunderland (and a goal scored
via Tommy Harmer's groin) and a 7–0 final day win over Portsmouth.
Chelsea thus returned to the First Division with a new,
youthful team which included the uncompromising Ron "Chopper" Harris,
goalkeeper Peter Bonetti, prolific goalscoring winger Bobby Tambling (whose 202
goals remain a club record), midfielder John Hollins, full-back Ken Shellito,
striker Barry Bridges, winger Bert Murray and captain and playmaker Terry
Venables, all products of the youth system. To these, Docherty added striker
George Graham, left-back Eddie McCreadie and elegant defender Marvin Hinton for
minimal fees to complete the Diamonds line-up – Docherty had referred to the
team as his "little diamonds" during a TV documentary and the name
stuck.[22]
Chelsea finished a credible 5th in their first season back
in the top-flight, and in the next were on course for a domestic
"treble" of league, FA Cup and League Cup, playing a brand of
football based on high energy and quick passing and utilising innovative
tactics – they were one of the first English teams to use overlapping
full-backs.[23] Chelsea set the early pace and emerged in a three-way tussle
for the league title with Manchester United and Leeds United. The League Cup
was secured thanks to a 3–2 first leg win against Leicester City, with a
memorable solo effort from McCreadie proving to be the difference between the
sides, and then a hard-fought 0–0 draw in the second leg at Filbert Street.
However, cracks were also beginning to appear, as the
temperamental Docherty increasingly clashed with some of the strong
personalities within the dressing room, particularly Venables. The team were
beaten by title rivals Manchester United in March and lost 2–0 in their FA Cup
semi-final against Liverpool, despite going into the latter match as
favourites. They were nonetheless top with four games remaining. Docherty then
sent home eight key players (Venables, Graham, Bridges, Hollins, McCreadie,
Hinton, Murray and Joe Fascione) for breaking a curfew before a crucial match
against Burnley.[24] The bare bones of the team that remained, a collection of
reserves and youngsters, were beaten 6–2 as the title challenge collapsed;
Chelsea eventually finished 3rd.
The following season proved equally eventful, if ultimately
unsuccessful, with Chelsea challenging in the League, the FA Cup and the Fairs
Cup. Playing a then-club record total of 60 games in the three competitions in
the days before substitutes, the team were hit hard by the fixture pile-up.
They finished 5th in the League, while in the FA Cup, Chelsea gained revenge
for their semi-final defeat by knocking-out holders Liverpool at Anfield en
route to another semi-final, where they were drawn to face Sheffield Wednesday,
again at Villa Park. Favourites to reach the final, the side froze on the day
and were beaten 2–0 by the Yorkshire club.
Their Fairs Cup run, taking in wins over AS Roma (a violent
encounter, during which the Chelsea team coach was ambushed by Roma fans), TSV
1860 München and AC Milan (the last on the toss of a coin after the teams had
finished level), ended in a semi-final loss to FC Barcelona. Both home sides
won 2–0 and on another coin toss, the replay was staged at the Nou Camp, with
Barca winning 5–0. Docherty, his relationship with several players having
reached breaking point, then made the decision to break up a team with an
average age of 21. Venables, Graham, Bridges and Murray were all sold during
the close-season. Scottish winger Charlie Cooke joined for £72,000, as did
striker Tommy Baldwin, who arrived in part-exchange for Graham. Also emerging
from the youth set-up was a highly-rated teenage striker named Peter Osgood.
Docherty's transfer manoeuvrings initially paid off.
Chelsea, with Osgood at the heart of the team, topped the league table in
October 1966, the only unbeaten side after ten league games. But Osgood broke
his leg in a League Cup tie and the side's momentum was disrupted. To replace
Osgood, Docherty immediately signed striker Tony Hateley for a club record
£100,000, but Hateley's aerial game did not suit Chelsea's style and he
struggled to fit in.[25] They drifted down the league and finished 9th. The
highlight of that season was reaching the FA Cup final. En route to that final
was a win over Leeds United in the semis, the game widely seen[26] as the one
which kicked off the fierce rivalry between the two clubs. In his finest moment
for Chelsea, Hateley headed in what proved to be the winner, but in a
hotly-contested match, Leeds had two goals disallowed, one for offside and one
for a Peter Lorimer free-kick taken too quickly.
Chelsea competed with Tottenham Hotspur in the first
all-London FA Cup final, known as the Cockney Cup Final. It was Chelsea's first
appearance in the final since 1915 and their first ever appearance in the final
at Wembley. In leading out the side, Ron Harris, at 22, was the youngest ever
captain to take to the field in the competition's finale. In a game which
failed to match the anticipation, Chelsea underperformed and a late Tambling
header was not enough to prevent a 2–1 loss to a Spurs side containing both
Venables and Jimmy Greaves. Docherty was sacked shortly into the next season
with the team having won only two of their opening ten games, which included a
6–2 home loss to Southampton, amidst rumours of dressing room unrest over bonus
payments and whilst serving a 28-day ban from football management handed out by
the FA.[27]
1970 FA Cup Final starting lineup.
In the 1969–70 season Osgood and Hutchinson scored 53 goals
between them, helping the club finish 3rd in the league and reach another FA
Cup final. This time the opponents were Leeds United, reigning league champions
and one of the dominant sides of the era. Chelsea were generally second best in
the first match at Wembley played on a boggy pitch, but twice came from behind
to gain a 2–2 draw, first through Houseman and then a late headed equaliser
(four minutes from full time) from Hutchinson. The replay was staged at Old
Trafford a fortnight later and is as well known for the uncompromising tactics
employed by both sides as the skill and talent on display.[28] Chelsea again
went behind but equalised for the third time in the match with a diving header
from Osgood from a Cooke cross. As the game went into extra time, Chelsea took
the lead for the first time when Webb headed in a Hutchinson throw-in to seal a
2–1 win.
Winning the Cup qualified Chelsea to play in the UEFA Cup
Winners' Cup for the first time. Straightforward wins over Aris Thessaloniki
and CSKA Sofia took them to the quarter-finals, where they knocked out Club
Brugge thanks to a dramatic comeback. Trailing 2–0 after the first leg, it took
an Osgood goal nine minutes from the end of normal time in a tense match to put
Chelsea level on aggregate. They went on to win the game 4–0 after extra time.
Fellow English side (and holders) Manchester City were dispatched in the
semi-final. The first final match against Real Madrid finished 1–1 but a rare
goal from Dempsey and another strike from Osgood in the replay – played just
two days later – were enough to secure a 2–1 win and Chelsea's first European
honour. The song Blue is the Colour was released in 1972 with members of the
squad singing, and it reached number five in the UK Singles Chart.[29] The song
was to become one of the most famous English football songs, and forever
associated with the Chelsea team of that era.
Decline (1972–83)
The Cup Winners' Cup triumph proved to be the last of Chelsea's
successes in the decade, as a series of problems combined to almost bring the
club to its knees. From the early 1970s, the discipline of the team began to
degenerate, as Sexton fell out with several key players, most notably Osgood,
Hudson and Baldwin over their attitude and lifestyle. As the spirit of the team
declined, so too did results. Chelsea set two records in defence of the Cup
Winners' Cup in 1971–72: a 21–0 aggregate win over Luxembourg side Jeunesse
Hautcharage, which remains a record scoreline in European competition.[30] The
result included a 13–0 home win over Jeunesse, the biggest winning scoreline in
Chelsea's history. However, the team were knocked out of the competition by
little-known Åtvidabergs FF under the away goals rule in the next round.
In the same season, Chelsea were knocked out of the FA Cup
by Second Division Leyton Orient despite having led 2–0, and lost in the League
Cup final to underdogs Stoke City. The 1972–73 season began with a 4–0 win over
Leeds and the club were 4th in the table in December, but after a 3–0 aggregate
loss to Norwich City in the League Cup semi-finals the season fizzled out and
Chelsea won just 5 of their last 21 league games, eventually finishing 12th.
They finished 17th the following season. The feud between Sexton and Osgood and
Hudson reached its apogee after a 4–2 home defeat to West Ham United on Boxing
Day 1973, after Chelsea had led 2–0 at half-time;[31] the pair were both sold a
few months later. Sexton himself was sacked early into the 1974–75 season after
a poor start, and succeeded by his assistant, Ron Suart, who was unable to
reverse the club's decline and they were relegated in 1975.
The building of the pioneering East Stand (which retains its
place even in the modern stadium) as part of a plan to create a 60,000
all-seater stadium added to the club's woes. The project had been described as
"the most ambitious ever undertaken in Britain".[32] It coincided
with a world economic crisis and was hit by delays, a builders' strike and
shortages of materials, all of which sent the cost escalating out of control,
to the extent that the club's debts stood at £4m by 1977.[33] As a result,
between August 1974 and June 1978, Chelsea were unable to buy a single player.
The decline of the team was matched by a decline in attendances – those who
remained were marred by a fierce reputation for violence amongst a section of
the Chelsea support (the boundary between passion and hooliganism being
dangerously narrow in those days). The late 1970s and the 1980s saw the height
of football hooliganism in Britain; while the problem was widespread, Chelsea's
hooligan element became particularly notorious and would blight the club
throughout the following years.[34]
In the mid-1970s, Chelsea fans were "involved in... many
incidents of violence, vandalism and general mayhem."[35] At Luton Town,
Chelsea supporters invaded the pitch, smashed shop windows en route back to
Luton station, and then set light to their Football Special, resulting in over
100 arrests.[35] During a match against Charlton Athletic at The Valley in
1977, Chelsea fans lit fires on the terraces. In 1976-77, both league matches
against Millwall, another club with a notorious hooligan element among their
support, were marred by crowd violence.[36][37] The hooliganism prompted
Minister for Sport Denis Howell to ban Chelsea fans from away matches in April
1977 - a similar restriction was also placed on Manchester United fans -
although thousands of Chelsea fans defied the ban and travelled to the following
match against Wolverhampton Wanderers.[38]
The East Stand, one of the main causes of Chelsea's
financial problems in the 1970s and 1980s
Former left-back Eddie McCreadie became manager shortly
before Chelsea's relegation in 1975 and, after a year of consolidation in
1975–76, led the side to promotion again in 1976–77 with a team composed of
youth players, most notably Ray Wilkins and 24-goal striker Steve Finnieston,
and veterans from more successful times like Cooke, Harris and Bonetti. But
McCreadie left following a contract dispute with chairman Brian Mears over a
company car[39] and another ex-player was appointed, this time former right-back
Ken Shellito.
Shellito kept Chelsea in the First Division in 1977–78,
though the highlight of that season was a 4–2 win over European champions
Liverpool in the FA Cup. Shellito resigned midway through the following season
with the club having won just three league games by Christmas. Even the brief
return of Osgood did little to improve the club's fortunes. Shellito's
successor, former double-winning Tottenham Hotspur captain Danny Blanchflower
was unable to stem the slump and the club were relegated again with just five
league wins and 27 defeats, ushering in one of the bleakest periods in
Chelsea's history.
Wilkins, one of the club's few remaining stars, was sold to
Manchester United and England's 1966 World Cup final hero Geoff Hurst became
manager in September 1979 with Bobby Gould as his assistant. Their arrival saw
an immediate upturn in Chelsea's form, and for a large period Chelsea topped
the Second Division table, but a late collapse saw them finish 4th, meaning the
club missed out on promotion on goal difference. In the next season the team
struggled to score goals, going on a nine-match run without one, winning only
three matches in twenty and finishing 12th in 1980–81.[40] Hurst was sacked.
In 1981 Mears resigned as chairman, ending his family's
76-year association with the club. One of Mears' last actions was to appoint
former Wrexham boss John Neal as manager. A year later, Chelsea Football &
Athletic Company, heavily in debt and unable to pay its players, was acquired
from the Mears family interests by businessman and one-time chairman of Oldham
Athletic, Ken Bates, for the sum of £1, though for reasons which remain
disputed, he did not buy SB Properties, the company which now owned the
Stamford Bridge freehold. By this point, Chelsea were in a parlous financial
state and losing £12,000 a week.[41] Bates would later describe what he took
over as "a social club with a little football played on a
Saturday".[4]
“ There
were hangers-on in the wrong areas, all over the club. I wrote everything off
and started again. Chelsea used to have a bootman to clean the boots. The
apprentices just stood around watching him clean away. He went. The directors
had their own chauffeur to drive them around town. He went. Even the lottery
lost money. How? There were just two birds selling tickets. They went.[42]
”
1981–82, an otherwise forgettable season during which
Chelsea again finished 12th, Chelsea went on their first significant FA Cup run
for years and drew European champions Liverpool in the fifth round. They
outplayed their illustrious opponents and won 2–0. In the quarter-finals, they
were pitted against old rivals Tottenham Hotspur who, in a pulsating game, won
3–2, despite Chelsea taking the lead through Mike Fillery. The 1982–83 season
proved to be the worst in Chelsea's history. Following a bright start, the team
slumped dramatically, going on a nine-match winless run as the season drew to a
close and faced relegation to the Third Division which, given the club's
financial troubles, could well have dealt it a killer blow. In the penultimate
game of the season at fellow strugglers Bolton Wanderers, Clive Walker hit a
last-minute winner from 25 yards (23 m) to ensure a crucial 1–0 win. A draw at
home to Middlesbrough in the final game ensured the club's survival by two
points.
Battle for the Bridge
As noted above, when Bates bought Chelsea in 1982 he only
bought the club and not SB Properties, the company which now owned the freehold
of Stamford Bridge; the club and the stadium had been separated in financial
restructuring during the late 1970s.[43] Bates initially agreed a seven year
lease, which would keep Chelsea at Stamford Bridge while its future was
decided.[44]
According to Bates, he and David Mears, the majority
shareholder of SB Properties, shook hands on a deal which would see Chelsea
acquire Mears' stake in SB Properties for £450,000.[45] However, Bates later
discovered that Mears was also in discussions with Crystal Palace owner Ron
Noades, with a view to moving Chelsea away from Stamford Bridge and have them
ground share with Palace at Selhurst Park.[46] Mears and Lord Chelsea
subsequently sold their shares in SB Properties to property developers Marler
Estates, giving Marler a 70% stake in the company.[45] This began a long
campaign by Marler to force Chelsea out of Stamford Bridge so it could be sold
off and redeveloped.
Over the next decade, Bates waged a war of attrition against
Marler, acquiring a minority stake in SB Properties and initiating a series of
court injunctions and delaying tactics, designed to wear them down.[47] He also
launched the "Save the Bridge" campaign, with the aim of raising £15m
to acquire the freehold from Marler. Marler in turn put forward several schemes
which would see Chelsea removed from Stamford Bridge. David Bulstrode, chairman
of Marler, proposed a merger between Fulham and Queens Park Rangers, with
Chelsea then relocating to Rangers' Loftus Road stadium. In March 1986,
Marler's plans to redevelop the Stamford Bridge site without Chelsea were
approved by Hammersmith and Fulham Council; the council reversed its policy
when the Labour Party gained control of it in May 1986.[48] In December 1987,
in a "momentous decision", Bates' own plans to redevelop Stamford
Bridge into a modern football stadium were approved by the council's planning
committee.[49]
Chelsea were nonetheless served notice to quit Stamford
Bridge, upon the expiry of the lease in 1989.[47] However, Cabra Estates, which
had purchased Marler in 1989, were eventually bankrupted in the property market
crash of 1992. This enabled Bates to do a deal with their creditors, the Royal
Bank of Scotland, and reunite the freehold with the club.[50] Bates then
created the Chelsea Pitch Owners, a non-profit organisation owned by the fans
which in 1997 purchased the freehold of the stadium, the club's naming rights
and the pitch to ensure that property developers could never again try to
purchase Stamford Bridge. Following this, work was begun to renovate the entire
stadium (bar the East Stand), making it all-seater and bringing the stands
closer to the pitch and under cover, which was finally completed by the
millennium.
Revival (1983–89)
The summer of 1983 marked a turning point in Chelsea's
history. Manager John Neal made a series of signings who were to be crucial in
turning around the club's fortunes. In came striker Kerry Dixon from Reading,
skillful winger Pat Nevin from Clyde, midfielder Nigel Spackman from
Bournemouth and goalkeeper Eddie Niedzwiecki from Wrexham in addition to John
Hollins returning as player-coach, all for a combined total of less than
£500,000. Dixon struck up a prolific strike partnership with fellow Neal
signing David Speedie and both linked up well with Nevin, a combination that
would produce almost 200 goals in three years.
The new-look Chelsea began the 1983–84 season with a 5–0 win
against Derby County on the opening day and romped to promotion; among the
highlights were a 5–3 at Fulham and a 4–0 win over Kevin Keegan's Newcastle
United. After a dip in form around Christmas, Neal signed winger Mickey Thomas
and Chelsea did not lose another game that season. Dixon hit 36 goals in all
competitions – a seasonal tally bettered only by Bobby Tambling and Jimmy
Greaves – and promotion was sealed with another 5–0 win over old adversaries
Leeds United. The team were crowned Second Division champions on the final day
with a win away at Grimsby Town, with some 10,000 Chelsea fans making the trip
to Lincolnshire.[51]
Upon their return to the First Division, Chelsea were
unlikely European contenders in 1984–85, eventually finishing 6th, although the
events at Heysel that season rendered European qualification moot. They were
also on course to reach their third League Cup final, drawing relegation
candidates Sunderland in the semi-finals. However, ex-Chelsea winger Clive
Walker inspired his team to a 3–2 win at Stamford Bridge to seal a 5–2
aggregate win for Sunderland, which was followed by a near-riot; the game
continued with mounted police and supporters on the pitch, with the violence later
spilling over onto the streets.[52] Neal retired at the end of the season due
to ill health, and was replaced by Hollins.
Club crest 1986–2005
In Hollins' first season, Chelsea challenged for the title,
topping the table in February, but long-term injuries to Dixon and Niedzwiecki,
combined with a poor run of results, especially during the Easter period,
during which the side conceded ten goals in two games, appeared to end their
chances. A 2–1 win over Manchester United at Old Trafford and another by the
same scoreline over West Ham at Upton Park – effectively denying the latter the
title – left Chelsea three points behind leaders Liverpool with five games
remaining. One point from the remaining fixtures, however, denied them and
another 6th place finish was the result. In the same season, the inaugural Full
Members Cup was won with a 5–4 win over Manchester City at Wembley, thanks to a
Speedie hat-trick and in spite of the opposition fighting back from 1–5 down.
Following this new beginning, the form of the side slumped
again, finishing 14th in the next season. The spirit of the side began to
disintegrate after Hollins and his assistant Ernie Walley fell out with several
key players, notably Speedie and Spackman, who were subsequently sold.[53] Hollins
was sacked in March the following season with the side again in relegation
trouble. Bobby Campbell took over in March but couldn't prevent Chelsea's
relegation via the short-lived play-off system with a loss to Middlesbrough, a
match which was again followed by crowd trouble and an attempted pitch
invasion, resulting in a six-match closure of the terraces the following
season. Nevertheless, the club bounced back immediately and emphatically,
despite failing to win any of their opening six league games, and were promoted
as Second Division champions with 99 points, 17 points clear of nearest rivals
Manchester City.
The 1990s: Back On Track
Chelsea had an impressive return to the First Division in
1989–90. Campbell guided a squad of mostly unremarkable players to a creditable
fifth place in the final table. Although the ban on English clubs in European
football was lifted that year, Chelsea missed out on a UEFA Cup place because
the only English place in the competition that year went to league runners-up
Aston Villa. In the same season, he led Chelsea to their second Full Members
Cup success, with a 1–0 win over Middlesbrough in the final at Wembley. Despite
recruiting the club's first million pound players, Dennis Wise and Andy
Townsend, the next season proved a disappointment, as Chelsea finished 11th in
the First Division and were knocked out of both cups by lower league
opposition.
Campbell was promoted to general manager at the end of the
season; he was succeeded as team manager by first team coach Ian Porterfield,
who helped Chelsea finish high enough in 1991–92 to qualify for the first-ever
season of the Premier League. Porterfield was sacked halfway through the
1992–93 season, with the team having not won a league match for two months. He
was replaced on a caretaker basis by 1970 FA Cup hero, David Webb, who steered
the club clear of relegation and eventually secured an 11th place finish. Webb
was replaced by 35-year-old former England midfielder Glenn Hoddle, who had
just won promotion to the Premiership as player-manager of Swindon Town.
Hoddle's first season as manager saw Chelsea's league form
dip slightly, and for a time they were threatened by relegation, with the goals
of £1.5m signing Mark Stein playing an important part in survival. In the same
season Chelsea reached the FA Cup Final, where they faced Premiership champions
Manchester United, a team Chelsea had beaten 1–0 in both league games that
season. After going in 0–0 at half-time, United were awarded two second-half
penalties by referee David Elleray in the space of five minutes, both of which
were scored. With Chelsea having to attack, it left gaps in defence and United
eventually won 4–0. This was nevertheless sufficient for Chelsea to compete in
the 1994–95 Cup Winners Cup, since United had already qualified for the
Champions League. They reached the semi-finals of that competition, going out
3–2 on aggregate to eventual winners Real Zaragoza.
With Chelsea's future at Stamford Bridge now secure, Bates
and millionaire director Matthew Harding were now making money available for
the club to spend on players. In the summer of 1995, Chelsea recruited two
world-famous players, Dutch legend Ruud Gullit, on a free transfer from
Sampdoria, and Manchester United striker Mark Hughes (£1.5 m), both of whom
would play a significant role in the club's future success. Hoddle also signed
talented Romanian full-back Dan Petrescu for £2.3m. Hoddle guided Chelsea to
another 11th place finish in 1995–96, and another FA Cup semi-final, and then
resigned to become manager of the England national team.
[edit] The Italian Renaissance: Gullit, Vialli and Zola
(1996–2000)
Gianfranco Zola
Gullit was appointed player-manager for the 1996–97 season,
and added several top-class players to the side, including European Cup-winning
Juventus striker Gianluca Vialli, cultured French defender Frank Leboeuf and
Italian internationals Gianfranco Zola (whose skill would make him a firm
favourite with the crowd and see him become one of Chelsea's greatest ever
players) and Roberto Di Matteo (the latter for a club record £4,900,000). They
were later joined by the powerful and prolific Uruguayan midfielder Gustavo
Poyet and Norwegian "super-sub" Tore André Flo. With such players, it
was under Gullit and his successor that Chelsea emerged as one of England's top
sides again and gained a reputation for playing a neat, entertaining and
attractive passing game performed by technically gifted players, which was
informally dubbed "sexy football", though the club's inconsistency
against supposed "smaller" teams remained.
Gullit capped an impressive first season in management by
leading Chelsea to their highest league placing since 1990 (6th) and winning
the FA Cup, ending the club's 26-year wait for a major trophy. The most
memorable match of the run was a 4th round comeback against Liverpool, in which
Chelsea, inspired by Hughes, overturned a 2–0 half-time deficit to win 4–2. The
2–0 victory over Middlesbrough in the final at Wembley got off to a frantic
start with Di Matteo scoring after 43 seconds; Eddie Newton's late goal
clinched it. The win was a happy end to a season which had looked to be
dominated by sadness after the death in October of popular director and
financial benefactor Matthew Harding in a helicopter crash following a League
Cup match against Bolton Wanderers.
Gullit was suddenly sacked in February 1998, ostensibly
after a contract dispute,[54] with the team 2nd in the Premiership, and in the
semi-finals of two cup competitions. Another player-manager was appointed – the
33-year-old Vialli. Vialli began his management career in style by winning two
trophies in two months. The League Cup was secured with another 2–0 win over
Middlesbrough at Wembley (with Di Matteo again on the scoresheet). Chelsea
reached the Cup Winners' Cup final following a dramatic semi-final win against
Vicenza. Having lost the away leg 1–0 and then conceded an away goal, Chelsea
bounced back to win 3–1 on the night and go through, with Hughes again the
catalyst. They won their second Cup Winners' Cup title with a 1–0 victory
against VfB Stuttgart at the Råsunda Stadium in Stockholm, with Zola scoring
with his first touch having been on the pitch for just 17 seconds. Following
that, Vialli led the club to a 1–0 win over European champions Real Madrid in
the Super Cup at the Stade Louis II in Monaco.
During the 1998–99 Premiership campaign, Chelsea made their
first sustained challenge for the title for years. Despite an opening day loss
against Coventry City, the side were not beaten in the League again until
January and topped the table at Christmas. Their title chances eventually
disappeared after a home loss to West Ham United and consecutive draws against
Middlesbrough, Leicester City and Sheffield Wednesday in April, which saw the
Blues finish 3rd, four points behind winners Manchester United. A season which
promised much ultimately ended trophyless, with Chelsea's defence of their Cup
Winners' Cup title ending in a semi-final loss against RCD Mallorca while they
were knocked out of both the other cups in the quarter-finals. Third place in
the league was nevertheless high enough for a first-ever appearance in the
Champions League.
2000 FA Cup Final starting lineup.
44 years after being denied entry to the inaugural
championship, Chelsea made their debut in Europe's premier competition in
August 1999 and they put in a series of impressive performances en route to a
quarter-final tie against FC Barcelona. It included memorable draws at the San
Siro and the Stadio Olimpico against AC Milan and SS Lazio respectively, as
well as a thumping 5–0 win against Turkish side Galatasaray at the Ali Sami Yen
Stadium. During the first leg of the quarter-final against Barcelona at Stamford
Bridge, Chelsea took a 3–0 lead, only to concede a late Luís Figo away goal.
Trailing 2–1 during the second leg at the Camp Nou, the team were just seven
minutes away from the semi-finals, but conceded a third and were eventually
beaten 5–1 after extra time, losing 6–4 on aggregate.
By now, Chelsea had a top-notch multi-national squad which
included Zola, Di Matteo, Poyet, Dutch goalkeeper Ed de Goey, and French World
Cup-winning trio Frank Leboeuf, Marcel Desailly and Didier Deschamps. Under
Vialli, Chelsea would become the first side in English football to field a
starting 11 composed entirely of foreign players, highlighting the increasing
internationalization of the game. The 1999–2000 season saw inconsistency return
to Chelsea's league form as the side struggled to juggle Premier League and
Champions League commitments, ultimately finishing a disappointing 5th. Vialli
did lead the team to a second FA Cup win in four years that season – this time
against Aston Villa, with Di Matteo again scoring the winner – in the last
final to be played at Wembley before its redevelopment. The Charity Shield was
added in August with a 2–0 win against Manchester United, to make Vialli
Chelsea's then most successful manager.
Claudio Ranieri (2000–2004)
Vialli spent almost £26m on new players during the summer,
including high-scoring Dutchman Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and talented Icelandic
striker Eiður Guðjohnsen, but was dismissed in September 2000 after winning
just one of the opening five matches and, once again, with rumours circulating
that the manager had fallen out with important players.[55] He was replaced by
another Italian, Claudio Ranieri, who, in spite of his initial problems with
the English language, guided them to another top six finish in his first
season. Ranieri gradually re-built the side, reducing the average age of the
squad by selling some older players, including Wise and Poyet, and replacing
them with John Terry, William Gallas, Frank Lampard and Jesper Grønkjær.
Roman Abramovich
Ranieri's second season saw some more progress, mainly in
the cups, with Chelsea reaching the League Cup semi-finals and another FA Cup
final, but was unable to prevent them from losing to double winners Arsenal in
the latter. League form saw little improvement, though, and Chelsea again
finished 6th. With rumours of the club's perilous financial state circulating,
Ranieri was unable to sign any more players. As a result, expectations of
Chelsea in the 2002–03 season were more limited. Chelsea nevertheless made an
unexpected title challenge and, in perhaps one of the most significant matches
in the club's history, defeated Liverpool 2–1 in the final game of the season
to finish 4th and secure the final Champions League berth ahead of the
Merseysiders.
With the club facing an apparent financial crisis,[56] Bates
unexpectedly sold Chelsea F.C. in June 2003 for £60 million.[57] In so doing,
he reportedly recognised a personal profit of £17 million on the club he had
bought for £1 in 1982 (his stake had been diluted to just below 30% over the
years). The club's new owner was Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who also
took on responsibility for the club's £80 million of debt, quickly paying most
of it. He then went on a £100 million spending spree before the start of the
season and landed players like Claude Makélélé, Geremi, Glen Johnson, Joe Cole
and Damien Duff.
The spending saw a good return, with Chelsea finishing as
Premiership runners-up (their best league finish for 49 years) and reaching the
Champions League semi-finals after dramatically beating Arsenal in the
quarter-finals. But Ranieri may have been sacked because of some bizarre
tactical decisions in the semi-final loss against AS Monaco (for example,
switching central midfielder Scott Parker to right-back and right-back Glen
Johnson to centre-back to accommodate more attackers in the team) and for
ending the season trophyless. Nevertheless, Ranieri was given a hero's send-off
in his final match in charge. That match also gave Chelsea fans a glimpse of what
could easily have been if not for Abramovich's takeover, as Chelsea handily
beat Leeds United, who were relegated, managerless, virtually bankrupt and
seemingly destined for oblivion. In Ranieri's place, Abramovich recruited José
Mourinho (who had lifted two Portuguese league titles, a Portuguese Cup, a
European Cup and a UEFA Cup with FC Porto) as the club's new manager.
Abramovich also brought legendary Dutch scout Piet de Visser, who scouted
Ronaldo and Romario for PSV Eindhoven, and is considered one of the greatest
scouts in history.
[edit] José Mourinho: Double League Champions (2004–2007)
Club crest 2005–2006
(centenary)
2004–05 was the most successful season in the history of
Chelsea Football Club. After a slow start to the league season, scoring eight
goals in their first nine games and trailing leaders Arsenal by five points,
Chelsea's title campaign gradually picked up momentum, driven by the
high-scoring Frank Lampard and the return from injury of brilliant young Dutch
winger Arjen Robben – with the latter in the side, Chelsea both won more and
scored more. They topped the table after a win against Everton in November 2004
and never relinquished their lead, losing only one league game all season and
winning a record 29, gaining a record 95 points in the process. A
record-breaking defence, led by captain John Terry and his new partnership with
Ricardo Carvalho, the versatile William Gallas, the brilliant fullback Paulo
Ferreira, midfield linchpin Claude Makélélé and talented goalkeeper Petr Čech,
provided the backbone of the side, conceding just 15 goals all season and
keeping 25 clean sheets while Čech went a Premier League-record 1025 minutes
without conceding a goal. Chelsea eventually secured the title with a 2–0 away
win at Bolton Wanderers thanks to two goals from Lampard, almost fifty years to
the day since they had won their last league title. Winning the league completed
a domestic double for the club, since Chelsea had already won the League Cup in
February after a thrilling 3–2 win over Liverpool in the final at the
Millennium Stadium.
Mourinho was a major figure during his time with Chelsea
In the Champions League, Chelsea coasted through the group
stages, qualifying for the knockout phase with two games to spare, and were
drawn against FC Barcelona, one of the strongest sides in Europe. In the first
leg at the Nou Camp, Chelsea took a 1–0 lead but had Didier Drogba
controversially sent-off in the second half with Chelsea still ahead, and the
Catalans eventually won 2–1. Mourinho claimed that Barcelona manager Frank
Rijkaard had spoken to referee Anders Frisk at half-time – a claim later proved
correct – and that the result had been "adulterated".[58] After
receiving death threats from Chelsea fans, Frisk retired and Mourinho received
a two-match touchline ban for bringing the game into disrepute. Chelsea won a
pulsating return leg 4–2 at Stamford Bridge, with John Terry heading in a
controversial winner to send them through. In the quarter-finals, a 4–2 home
win over German champions Bayern Munich and a 3–2 loss in Germany were enough
to ensure passage through to the semi-finals, where they faced Liverpool. Following
a 0–0 draw at Stamford Bridge, Liverpool went 1–0 up at Anfield thanks to Luis
García and Chelsea were unable to break down a resilient defence, thus missing
out on the chance of a treble.
A year later Chelsea retained their league title, setting more
records in the process. Winning their first nine games, the side emphatically
set the pace in the Premier League – including a 4–1 win over Liverpool at
Anfield – and at one stage were 18 points ahead of nearest rivals Manchester
United. Following a late-season blip, and with United on a run of nine
consecutive wins, the points gap was closed to seven points as Chelsea went
into a key match with West Ham United. A goal down after ten minutes and a man
down after 17 following Maniche's sending off, the side bounced back to win 4–1
and maintain the gap. The title was eventually secured with a 3–0 win over
United at Stamford Bridge. They became the first London club to win
back-to-back league titles since the 1930s, and only the fifth side to do so
since the Second World War. They also set the record for the most clean sheets
(six) from the start of the season and equalled the best home record for a top
division team since Newcastle United in 1906–07 (18 wins and 1 draw from 19
games). In the cups, however, there was less success as they were knocked out
of the Champions League by FC Barcelona and the FA Cup semi-final by Liverpool.
The 2006–07 season saw Chelsea relinquish the Premier League
trophy to Manchester United after remaining second in the league for the
majority of the season. The club were still in the running to achieve an
unprecedented quadruple at the end of April, and played all but one of the
maximum 63 possible games at the start of the season. They won the League Cup
by beating Arsenal 2–1 in the last ever English cup final at the Millennium
Stadium, and beat United 1–0 in the first FA Cup final at the new Wembley
Stadium; Chelsea were also the last team to win it at the old Wembley. They
reached the semi-finals of the Champions League, only to be knocked out again
by Liverpool, this time in a penalty shoot-out.
Grant, Scolari and Hiddink (2007–2009)
On 20 September 2007, Mourinho left Chelsea by "mutual
consent"[59] following an indifferent start to the season and after
several months of well-documented friction between Mourinho and Abramovich.[60]
Shortly afterwards Israeli Avram Grant, who had been appointed Chelsea's
director of football on 8 July 2007,[61] was announced as Mourinho's
successor.[62]
Despite the managerial upheaval and a high level of player
absence (in all, members of the team were unavailable for selection 286 times
in the 62 fixtures),[63] Chelsea were on course to win three different
competitions, a feat previously achieved by only two other English clubs,
Liverpool in 1983–84 and Manchester United in 1998–99, but ultimately finished
as runners-up in all three. Chelsea reached their third League Cup final in
four years, but suffered a surprise 2–1 defeat to mid-table Tottenham Hotspur
at Wembley. Chelsea emerged as United's closest rivals in the title race; a 2–1
victory over United at Stamford Bridge in April left the teams level on points
with four games remaining.[64] The teams were still level on points going into
the final game of the season, although United's superior goal difference meant
Chelsea had to better their result; in the event, Chelsea drew 1–1 with Bolton
Wanderers and United beat Wigan Athletic to take the title.
Champions League 2007–08
Grant also led Chelsea to their fourth Champions League semi-final
in five years, and they were again drawn to face Liverpool, although this time
it was Chelsea who prevailed, winning 4–3 on aggregate to reach the final for
the first time in their history. Their opponents in the final were Manchester
United, making it the first all-English final in the competition's history.[65]
In an even game, Lampard's first-half strike cancelled out Cristiano Ronaldo's
opener, and the teams remained at 1–1 for the rest of the match, taking the
final to a penalty shootout, where John Terry and Nicolas Anelka's misses from
the spot gave United victory.
After the conclusion of the 2007–08 season, Chelsea became
the highest ranked club under UEFA's five-year coefficient system used in the
seeding of European club competitions in the following season, a sign of the
consistency of the club's performance over the first five years of Roman
Abramovich's ownership.[66]
Grant was sacked as Chelsea manager three days later.[67]
Grant's replacement was Brazilian Luiz Felipe Scolari, who had guided Brazil to
victory at the 2002 FIFA World Cup and Portugal to runners-up at Euro 2004.[68]
However, despite a bright start which saw Chelsea top the league table early in
the season, Scolari was sacked on 9 February 2009 due to "results and performances
of the team... deteriorating at a key time in the season", and with the
club lying 4th in the Premier League.[69] Russia coach Guus Hiddink was
appointed caretaker manager until the end of the season. Under Hiddink,
performances and results improved; Chelsea lost just one more game all season,
eventually finishing 3rd in the league and reaching the FA Cup final.
In the Champions League, a 7–5 aggregate win over Liverpool
in the quarter-finals, including an epic 4–4 draw at Stamford Bridge, took
Chelsea to another semi-final, against FC Barcelona. After drawing 0–0 in the
first leg at the Nou Camp, Chelsea took an early lead in the second through
Essien, but in a controversial game, in which Chelsea squandered numerous
chances and had several penalty appeals turned down, a stoppage time equaliser
from Andrés Iniesta sent Barcelona through on away goals. In the immediate
aftermath, Drogba caused more controversy after swearing at referee Tom Henning
Øvrebø.[70] In consolation, goals from Drogba and Lampard gave Chelsea a 2–1
victory over Everton in the FA Cup Final at Wembley on 30 May, the club's
second FA Cup triumph in three years.[71]
The Ancelotti Era (2009-2011)
Chelsea FC parade through the streets of Fulham and Chelsea
after winning their league and cup double, May 2010
Former AC Milan coach Carlo Ancelotti was confirmed as
Hiddink's successor on 1 June 2009.[72] He started his career by winning the
World Football Challenge in the USA. In Ancelotti's first competitive match
Chelsea met Manchester United in the Community Shield. The game ended in a 2–2
draw, with Chelsea winning 4–1 on penalties to take the trophy, the club's
first victory in a shoot-out since beating Ipswich Town in the League Cup in
January 1998.[73]
On 3 September 2009, in a rare but not unprecedented
punishment, Chelsea were banned from registering any new players for the next
two transfer windows, in January and Summer 2010, after FIFA's dispute
resolution chamber (DRC) ruled that French winger Gaël Kakuta had breached his
contract with French club RC Lens when he joined Chelsea in 2007, and that
Chelsea had induced him to do so.[74] The club were subsequently cleared by the
Court of Arbitration for Sport and the transfer ban was lifted.[75]
At the end of a season where Chelsea exchanged places at the
top of the table with Manchester United several times, and were briefly
leapfrogged by Arsenal, they sealed their third Premier League title in six
seasons with an 8–0 home win over Wigan Athletic on the final day of the season.
The win also took Chelsea's league goal tally for the season to 103, the
highest since Tottenham Hotspur in 1963, and the very first time in Premier
League history that a club had scored 100 or more goals in a season.[76] A week
later, Chelsea completed the first "league title and FA Cup double"
in the club's history by beating Portsmouth 1–0 in the FA Cup final, thanks to
a Didier Drogba free-kick, his seventh goal in six cup finals for Chelsea.[77]
Chelsea began the 2010-11 season with a loss to Manchester
United in the Community Shield. Chelsea's Premier League season started well
with wins in their opening 6 league games, two by a 6-0 scoreline, although a
dip in form saw them fighting to stay in the top 4. On January 31st, Chelsea
made headlines by signing a pair of stars in the final moments of the January
transfer window, David Luiz for £21.3m from Benfica and a British transfer
record of £50m for Liverpool's Fernando Torres[78] The two signings proved not
to be enough to salvage something from Chelsea's season and they failed to win
a trophy, as a result Ancelotti was dismissed as manager shortly after
Chelsea's 1-0 defeat to Everton on the final day of the season.
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